Jimma Times
June 17, 2014
June 17, 2014
According to a new index developed by Oxford University and the UN,
Ethiopia under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi is ranked the second poorest
country on earth.
The new measurement known as the Multidimensional Poverty Index, or
MPI, will replace the Human Poverty Index in the United Nations’ annual
Human Development Report. The new report says Ethiopia has the second
highest percentage of people who are MPI poor in the world, with only
the west African nation of Niger fairing worse. This comes as more
international analysts have also begun to question the accuracy of the
Meles government’s double-digit economic growth claims and similar
disputed government statistics referred by institutions like the IMF.
In 2009, the percentage of Ethiopians who are in chronic need of food
aid tripled to nearly 20 percent of the population compared to 1990
when the country was ruled by the pro-Soviet communist government of
Mengistu Haile Mariam. Despite the reportedly worsening economic and
political situation in a country where the top opposition leader Judge
Birtukan Mideksa remains in prison, the Zenawi government continues to
receive billions in aid from the US and other western nations.
10 POOREST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD
1. Niger
2. Ethiopia
3. Mali
4. Burkina Faso
5. Burundi
6. Somalia
7. Central African Republic
8. Liberia
9. Guinea
10. Sierra Leone
Multidimensional Poverty Index
2. Ethiopia
3. Mali
4. Burkina Faso
5. Burundi
6. Somalia
7. Central African Republic
8. Liberia
9. Guinea
10. Sierra Leone
Multidimensional Poverty Index
OPHI and the UNDP Human Development Report launch the
Multidimensional Poverty Index or MPI – an innovative new measure that
gives a vivid “multidimensional” picture of people living in poverty.
The MPI will be featured in the 20th Anniversary edition of the UNDP
Human Development Report and complements income by reflecting a range of
deprivations that afflict a person’s life at the same time. The measure
assesses the nature and intensity of poverty at the individual level in
education, health outcomes, and standard of living. OPHI has just
concluded a first ever estimate and analysis of global multidimensional
poverty across 104 developing countries, and is releasing these results
in advance of the Report’s October publication.
What is the MPI?
Addis Ababa
What is the MPI?
The lives of people living in poverty are affected by more than just
their income. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) complements a
traditional focus on income to reflect the deprivations that a poor
person faces all at once with respect to education, health and living
standard. It assesses poverty at the individual level, with poor persons
being those who are multiply deprived, and the extent of their poverty
being measured by the range of their deprivations.
The MPI can be used to create a vivid picture of people living in
poverty, both across countries, regions and the world and within
countries by ethnic group, urban/rural location, or other key household
characteristics. It is the first international measure of its kind, and
offers an essential complement to income poverty measures because it
measures deprivations directly. The MPI can be used as an analytical
tool to identify the most vulnerable people, show aspects in which they
are deprived and help to reveal the interconnections among deprivations.
This enables policy makers to target resources and design policies more
effectively. Other dimensions of interest, such as work, safety, and
empowerment, could be incorporated into the MPI in the future as data
become available.
The MPI reports acute poverty for 104 developing countries, which are home to 78% of the world’s people.
What does the MPI measure?
What does the MPI measure?
The MPI uses 10 indicators to measure three critical dimensions of
poverty at the household level: education, health and living standard in
104 developing countries. These directly measured deprivations in
health and educational outcomes as well as key services such as water,
sanitation, and electricity reveal not only how many people are poor but
also the composition of their poverty. The MPI also reflects the
intensity of poverty – the sum of weighted deprivations that each
household faces at the same time. A person who is deprived in 70% of the
indicators is clearly worse off than someone who is deprived in 40% of
the indicators.
Why is the MPI useful?
Why is the MPI useful?
The MPI is a high resolution lens on poverty – it shows the nature of
poverty better than income alone. Knowing not just who is poor but how
they are poor is essential for effective human development programs and
policies. This straightforward yet rigorous index allows governments and
other policymakers to understand the various sources of poverty for a
region, population group, or nation and target their human development
plans accordingly. The index can also be used to show shifts in the
composition of poverty over time so that progress, or the lack of it,
can be monitored.
The MPI goes beyond previous international measures of poverty to:
* Show all the deprivations that impact someone’s life at the same time – so it can inform a holistic response.
* Identify the poorest people. Such information is vital to target
people living in poverty so they benefit from key interventions.
* Show which deprivations are most common in different regions and
among different groups, so that resources can be allocated and policies
designed to address their particular needs.
* Reflect the results of effective policy interventions quickly.
Because the MPI measures outcomes directly, it will immediately reflect
changes such as school enrolment, whereas it can take time for this to
affect income.
* Integrate many different aspects of poverty related to the MDGs
into a single measure, reflecting interconnections among deprivations
and helping to identify poverty traps.
Addis Ababa
(OPHI) –According to The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), published by Oxford University, Ethiopia ranks the second poorest country in the world just ahead of Niger. The study is based on analysis of acute poverty in 108 developing countries around the world. Despite making progress at reducing the percentage of destitute people, Ethiopia is still home to more than 76 million poor people, the fifth largest number in the world after India, China, Bangladesh and Pakistan. India has the world’s largest number of poor people at more than 647 million.
87.3% of Ethiopians are classified as MPI poor, while 58.1% are considered destitute. A person is identified as multidimensionally poor (or ‘MPI poor’) if they are deprived in at least one third of the weighted MPI indicators. The destitute are deprived in at least one-third of the same weighted indicators, The Global MPI uses 10 indicators to measure poverty in three dimensions: education, health and living standards.
In rural Ethiopia 96.3% are poor while in the urban area the percentage of poverty is 46.4%. Comparing the poverty rate by regions, Somali region has the highest poverty rate at 93% followed by Oromiya (91.2%) and Afar (90.9%). Amhara region has 90.1% poverty rate while Tigray has 85.4%.
Addis Ababa has the smallest percentage of poverty at 20% followed by Dire Dawa at 54.9% and Harar (57.9%)
Burundi Somalia Central African Republic Liberia Guinea Sierra Leon
Top Ten Poorest Countries in the world
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